trained troops of any modern military power, the young Republican 
Army captured that city, and — more important still – destroyed the 
army which Franco had been massing for another attack on Madrid. 
And the world that had been awaiting news of a Fascist victory heard 
with added surprise that the victory of Teruel had been won by Spanish 
troops alone. To that stage of efficient organisation had Republican 
Spain arrived — despite the Non-Intervention blockade, despite Italian 
piracy in the Mediterranean, despite the help given to Franco by Italian 
Army Corps and German military leaders. 

And so the war enters on a new phase, which is marked by the greater 
efficiency of the Republican Army — a logical result of the greater pol-
itical cohesion of the parties which comprise the Popular Front Govern- 
ment. It is not our task to forecast the duration of the conflict. One 
can definitely say only that there can be no peace in Spain, no security 
throughout the world, until Fascism is defeated. 

The location of the front-lines does not necessarily affect the issue 
of the war. Germany lost as war before an invader had set foot in 
her territory; the United States once could exercise jurisdiction over no 
more than Valley Forge. Nor does the capture or loss of a town in itself 
determine the issue. During the World War, many towns changed hands 
half a dozen times. The deciding factor in the war is the relative amount 
of resources, material and moral, of the opposing sides. In men and in 
munitions the Republican forces have greater reserves within their ter- 
ritory. And there can be no comparison in morale; the people, even 
when unarmed and untrained, blocked the path of Fascism with barric- 
ades of their own bodies! 

It is obvious fact that were Italian and German aid withdrawn from 
Franco, his collapse would be only a matter of days. The drain on Int- 
ernational Fascist resources is already severe. Future Fascist policy 
will be determined by the attitude of the democratic peoples rather than 
by the attitude of the democratic governments (whom they have little 
reason to fear). So far, International Fascist aid has failed to help 
Franco to win. But it has prevented his collapse. Will the aid be bra- 
zenly extended on the necessary colossal scale to secure a swift Fascist 
victory? Or will those who cannot rule Spain decide to ruin it, by pro- 
longing the status quo, gambling on developments in the International 
situation which might give Franco an opportunity for victory? 

The decision of International Fascism will be largely determined by 
the vigilance of International Democracy. The watchfulness of Intern- 

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