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deeper degradation. I would now ask, what are mil- lions of money without education ? I do not mean that an equivalent should not be given for lands ceded to the government. No ; but I do mean that this equiva- lent should be appropriated in such a way as to pro- duce the greatest benefits and the happiest results. If a certain amount had been given in cash, another amount in cattle and farmer’s utensils, another in cloth- ing, another in houses and school houses, and the like ; and with these, if a few mechanics, farmers and teachers, had been sent among them, the Indians might have be- come industrious, intelligent, and useful citizens. One- third of each annual payment would be sufficient to educate, and to supply all the wants of their children. It may be supposed by some, that the white people settled near them give them good advice, and urge upon them the propriety and necessity of appropriating their monies in the mannerjust suggested. Yet this is not only not the case, but these very whites, at least a large majority of them, are continually laying plans by which they can extort from these unlettered and igno- rant Indians, whatever they possess. Iwrite not at random, on these matters. I am too well acquainted with them from painful observation and bitter experi- ence. Ihave been present at ten payments; viz. at Sault St. Marie, Mackinaw, Green Bay, Prairie Du Chien, and St. Peters. During these payments, quan- tities of whiskey were brought to the Indians, or else they were seduced to go elsewhere to purchase it. Poor untutored red men! you were deluded, and made drunk by white men, and then in your hellish and