dropped ten great bombs in the very center of the town where on the main street were sleeping huddled together on the pavement so closely that a car could pass only with difficulty, the exhausted re- fugees. After the planes had passed I picked up in my arms three dead ghildren from the pavement in front of the Provincial Committee for the Evacuation of Refugees where they had been standing in a great quene waiting for a cupful of preserved milk and a handful of dry bread, the only food some of them had for days. The street was a shambles of the dead and dying, lit only by the orange glare of burning buildings. In the darkness the moans of the wounded children, shrieks of agonized mothers, the curses of the men rose in a massed cry higher and higher to a pitch of intolerable intensity. One’s body felt as heavy as the dead themselves, but empty and hollow, and in one’s brain burned a bright flame of hate. That night were murdered fifty civiliansand an additional fifty were wounded. There were two soldiers killed.

Now, what was the crime that these unarmed civilians had com- mitted to be murdered in this bloody manner? Their only crime was that they had voted to elect a government of the people, committed to the most moderate alleviation of the crushing burden of centuries of the greed of capitalism. The question has bee.n raised :—why did they not stay in Malaga and await the entrance of the fascists? They knew what would happen to them. They knew what would happen to their men and women as had happened so many times before in other captured towns. Every male between the age of 15 and 60 who

could not prove that he had not by force been made to assist the

government would immediately be shot. And it is this knowledge

that has concentrated two-thirds of the entire population of Spain in one half the country and that still held by the republic.

Dr. NORMAN BETHUNE