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      democratically elected government was attacked in a heavy military onslaught by the mutinous General Francisco Franco, in collusion with invading Germany and Italian armies : employing especially their air force to strafe civilians; and their navies to bring in arms. The rest of Europe, meanthile, including England and France, lifted not a finger to intervene.
      Canadian s reacted to these events with varying degrees of understanding The Canadian Forum was the first to publish poetry which expressed frustration and anger. Poets of stature like E.J. Pratt, F.R. Scott and professor Louis Mackay largely turned to satire to express their feelings. Of these poems Mackay's were the most terse and stringent: